Justifying Philosophy and Paideia in the Modern World :: Philosophical Essays

Advocating Philosophy and Paideia in the Modern World Dynamic: If Paideia implies instruction in the old style sense, that is, training of the entire individual, at that point really defending such training in the cutting edge world is very tricky. We are first attracted to commonsense resistances of liberal training, that it is in itself of administration and helpful, both to society and to the person. In any case, a functional protection of Paideia in the old style sense basically seems to be weak and even somewhat urgent (that is, on the off chance that it avoids sounding self important) and each keen understudy knows it. Far superior, it appears, to take courses focused on general critical thinking, or at sharpening basic reasoning aptitudes, or at creating socio-political advancement, than to understand Shakespeare or Plato. On the off chance that Paideia implies instruction in the old style sense, that is, training of the entire individual, at that point really legitimizing such training in the cutting edge world is amazingly dangerous. We are first attracted to commonsense guards of liberal instruction, that it is in itself of administration and helpful, both to society and to the person. In any case, a down to earth barrier of Paideia in the old style sense basically appears to be weak and even somewhat urgent (that is, in the event that it evades sounding affected) and each smart understudy knows it. Obviously better, it appears, to take courses focused on general critical thinking, or at sharpening basic reasoning abilities, or at creating socio-political complexity, than to understand Shakespeare and Plato. A comparative issue torment the support of the quest for theory itself, and this is the place the key inspirations driving both Paideia and reasoning meet. What is in reality the motivation behind way of thinking? One essential capacity of reasoning has all the earmarks of being a sort of administration of explanation and legitimization. However this can't be reasoning's just reason, anything else than the unimportant advancement of abilities and expert discernment are the essential objectives of liberal instruction. However comparable thoughts of administration to the state are given as essential legitimizations for getting instructed, past straightforward material increase. Without a doubt this doesn't legitimize even a whole lot what we put understudies through in humanities classes the world over. Why, at that point, theory as the quest for intelligence, and why, at that point, Paideia? The appropriate response, I believe, is that the avocation for both way of thinking and Paideia has a moral establishing, and can just truly be verbalized, if in reality it despite everything can be, in ideals based terms.

Mythic proportions Essay Example for Free

Mythic extents Essay Linton Heathcliff is a logical inconsistency in wording. His name means the unnatural relationship among Heathcliff and the Lintons or among energy and show and his wiped out nature exhibits the inconceivability of such an association. In Linton both love and show rise as tainted by one another. He is depicted as a pet, a puling chicken and a whelp. Like the two his folks, in any case, Lintons perspective on the world is solitary, and it is his failure to see it in any capacity yet his own terms which renders him totally accessible for control by Heathcliff. Hareton Of his age, Haretons character is maybe the most charming, turning around the relative absence of intrigue we feel for his dad, Hindley. Hareton is brutalized by Heathcliff, fundamentally rehashing Heathcliffs own enduring on account of Hindley. Haretons relationship with Cathy has also been perused as reflecting Heathcliffs with Catherine, in as much as he is burning of dazzling her, and he is glad in her essence. His affection for Cathy, be that as it may, may be said all the more near look like Edgars love of Catherine in as much as it is moderate yet delicate, gave at this point limited. Hareton additionally displays a relentless love for Heathcliff, disregarding the evil treatment he has gotten at his hands. Like Catherine, Hareton is steady in his underlying expressions of love, and when Heathcliff first shows up into his life they structure a collusion against Hindley. In spite of the fact that Haretons name is engraved over the entryway of Wuthering Heights, his powerlessness to peruse, combined with the monotonous multiplying of names and marks, implies that he neglects to acquire his legitimate property. Hareton is seized by Heathcliff, yet can likewise be viewed as a revamping of Heathcliff, a substitute or emblematic Heathcliff. The advancement of Haretons characterisation rotates around his training. He is at first breast fed by Nelly, the books proxy mother, and under her educational cost he starts to gain proficiency with his letters. In any case, left to the ministrations of his debauched and erratic dad Hindley, Hareton develops wild and uncultivated, unfit to peruse, and with no social aptitudes. His endeavors at personal growth are the wellspring of joke and criticism by Linton and Cathy, and it isn't until the finish of the novel that he can get what it takes fundamental for him to accomplish economic wellbeing with Cathy and come into his legitimate legacy. The household sentiment which encapsulates the last joining among Cathy and Hareton may well purpose a portion of the contentions that foil different connections in the novel, yet their association does not have the terrific energy, the wild intensity of the first love among Catherine and Heathcliff. Cathy Structurally the second Cathy can be viewed as reexamining her moms story. She accomplishes her character at the cost of her moms, and Edgar consistently separates her according to the main Catherine, whose name he never reduced. Dissimilar to Linton, who has the mishap of acquiring the most exceedingly awful of the two his folks, Cathy seems to have acquired the best from both of hers. Nelly observes Lockwood as a potential break course for Cathy should he be prompted to begin to look all starry eyed at her. We are conscious of reports of Cathys pride, and her inhumane joke of Haretons absence of formal information. The upset of the novel wherein she and Hareton structure their connection is something of a legendary goals, a sentimental end which rises above the focal clashes of the novel to reestablish a conventional novelistic plot of romance and marriage. Cathy and Haretons relationship reestablishes to the novel and form of household rapture that was the Victorian perfect, yet it is well to manage as a primary concern that Brontes is an adaptation wherein Cathy unmistakably has the high ground. Nelly Dean is the second and prevailing narratorial voice in this novel. She takes up the story from Lockwood and gives it both substance and assurance. Lockwoods failure to peruse the indications of the way of life in which he winds up can't continue the story, however it acts to advise us that all narratorial voices, including Nellys, are incomplete. Nelly Dean is a neighborhood, and has known every age of the Earnshaw and Linton families. She is along these lines all around set to offer Lockwood a critique upon the occasions she portrays. Her situation of worker is separated from that of that of different hirelings, both as far as the way that she seems to move easily between the two houses, intervening between their disparities, and as far as her voice. Nelly Dean doesn't impart a territorial vernacular to different hirelings yet she comprehends it consummately. She likewise develops as an informed lady, having perused the vast majority of the books in the library at Thrushcross Grange the place of culture and in having encountered the changes of Wuthering Heights the place of nature. With regards to her double jobs, Nelly has two names, Ellen, her given name which is utilized by those wishing to accord her regard, and Nelly, the name her companions and familiars utilize. Nelly is one of the most intriguing characters with regards to this novel, not least in view of the language she employments. She involves an extraordinary social situation in this novel. She approaches a scope of talks that may be considered past her ken regarding her situation as a family worker; yet as the focal storyteller Bronte presents her as a talking subject, mostly avoided from culture however in any case situated in order to have the option to remark upon it. Nelly goes about as a proxy mother to huge numbers of the motherless characters in this novel: she raises Hareton for the initial five years of his life; she thinks about Cathy from birth through to her union with Linton; she laments the quickness of her charge of Linton, which is constrained by situation; and she goes about as compatriot and consultant to Catherine and Heathcliff. She likewise goes about as a mother-figure to Lockwood as she nurture him back to wellbeing. As substitute mother Nelly gives food and good food to her nurslings. Nelly Dean is most cautiously, reliably and convincingly made for us as the typical lady, whose genuinely female nature fulfills itself in supporting all the offspring of the book thus. This perusing of Nelly as the mother-figure makes us aware of another of her jobs, for Nelly is a mother goose, the teller of this fantasy, the guardian of its insight. The name may likewise be a defilement of Mother Gossip. Both of these definitions are appropriate to the figure of Nelly, since the information she passes on is in any event twofold: it is about womens experience, and it is about the idea of affection. Nelly realizes that her story needs to engage and trap us. However her voice is established in the pragmatist account. With her adoration for an all around brushed hearth and shining copper skillet, Nelly weaves for us a fantasy of mythic extents. Given our storytellers feelings we are unavoidably attracted to the books festivity of energy, and discover the injuries of its prevailing talks of marriage and religion as smothering and immeasurable as do its principle heroes.

Process Reengineering

Procedure Reengineering Procedure Reengineering Summary Past Reengineering is Hammer's lecture of the imperative significance of an association's procedures to its prosperity. In four segments, Hammer pushes and clarifies the various perspectives in how the association must concentrate on their procedures as far as work, the board, endeavor and society. All the more critically, how by tending a procedure arranged methodology, associations will have the option to accomplish proficiency, benefits and achievement in like.In the main segment of the book, Hammer clarifies the suggestions a procedure fixated association will have on laborers and how significant this change is for the entire procedure. To begin with, Hammer clarifies the essentials of a procedure situated association and why it is so significant. At the point when Hammer expresses that we take a procedure viewpoint in taking a gander at associations, it implies that we don't simply observe singular undertakings in confinement, yet the whole assort ment of assignments that add to an ideal result. Since regardless of whether all undertakings were great, it would amount to nothing if the procedures assembling them is wasteful and failing.Workflow/Business Process Management (BPM) Service...A process is a gathering of errands that together make an aftereffect of significant worth to a client. The significance or procedures can't be focused on enough by Hammer, and so as to manage an association towards the procedure focusing way, he proposed these four stages: 1. perceive and name the organization's procedures 2. guarantee everybody in the association knows about these procedures and their significance 3. distinguish the key measures by which each procedure is to be surveyed 4. become genuine about procedure the executives What this prompts is the change this new procedure viewpoint will for the individuals of the association. Rather than the past particular errands laborers were appointed, they will be tested with progressively proficient work. Mallet calls this professionalizing its work- a pre-essential change for...

Haas Undergrads Take On Big Food

Haas Undergrads Take On Big Food by: Nathan Allen on March 16, 2016 | 0 Comments Comments 126 Views March 16, 2016Alejandro Velez (left) and Nikhil Arora founded Back to the Roots at the end of their senior years at UC Berkeleys Haas School of Business. Courtesy photoOn the fringe of Jack London Square in Oakland, California, stands a row of  old brick buildings. The buildings were there when a youthful Jack London ambled along the waterfront watching ships filled with crops and produce dock in the Oakland Port. Now, in one of those brick buildings, 20-somethings in t-shirts and jeans scurry about a large room filled with cardboard boxes. On a bookshelf,  Black Faces in White Places rests against a 30-year-old copy of McGraw Hills  Financial Accountingpossibly the truest indicator of a business with a social pulse.This is an incredible moment for people wanting to take on food, insists a grinning Nikhil Arora, a graduate of the UC-Berkeley Haas School of Business. There is a massive disruption happening. Arora would know. Instead of ships docking with produce at the nearby port, his team is frantically passing around mushroom grow kits, mini water gardens  and boxes of stoneground cereal flakes. Arora founded Back to the Rootsa startup  hellbent to undo foodwith Alejandro Velez, another Haas student, in 2009. And what began as an odd experiment in a fraternity kitchen has bloomed into a multi-product, $7 million venture capital-backed commercial food company in just under seven years.The big food brandsyour Krafts and Kelloggs and General Millsare getting hammered right now, Arora continues. They cant compete. Theyre not connecting with this generation anymore. Theyre on a totally different wavelength. The entire ecosystem is being shaken up.GROWING MUSHROOMS FROM COFFEE GROUNDS WASTEBack to the Roots is setting out to do exactly what the name conveysconnect with a generation through radical transparency and a reconnecting with the earth and food that comes from it. Confidence gushes from the lanky Arora as he discusses why he thinks big food is about to be upended. And why he thinks his venture is one to pave the way. The Irvine, California native has a massive grin and laughs often. He arrived on the campus of the University of California-Berkeley in 2005, where he majored in political science and business. In a business ethics course at the Haas School of Business taught by professor Alan Ross, Arora learned something intriguing and random.This fact came up that you can grow mushrooms from coffee grounds, recalls Arora. So he sent Ross an email asking for more information.  He (Ross) said, honestly, I have no idea where it came from. I think I read it somewhere. But, you know, another student asked about it and you two should link up,' remembers Arora.The other student was Velez, who is originally from Medellin, Colombia. It was coincidence or fate or something, bursts Arora, now unable to muzzle the excitement. Despit e both majoring in business in a relatively small program, the two had never met. It was the last semester in the same class and we both caught on to this random factliterally one sentenceand we both reached out after class via email, says Arora, seemingly still in disbelief at the randomness of it all.BARGING INTO CHEZ PANISSEThe two soon met and bonded over their obsession with growing mushrooms from coffee grounds. They spent days watching YouTube videos and reading internet articles on the obscure idea.   We searched growing mushrooms and you can imagine what crazy stuff came out of those searches, laughs Arora.Nevertheless, the duo read enough to feel confident they could do it themselves. So they snagged 10 paint buckets and attempted to grow 10 batches of mushrooms in the kitchen at Velezs fraternity house. Alex (Velez) would receive emails from his fraternity saying, who the hell left the lights on? What the hell is growing back here, recalls Arora, again laughing. We turn ed the kitchen into an experiment. Then they left for spring break. When they came back, nine were contaminated and not growing at all. But one of them had this gorgeous crop of mushrooms growing out of it, says Arora.They waltzed straight to nearby Chez Panissean upscale cafe owned and founded by world renowned chef and foodie, Alice Waters. And Waters happened to be there with her head chef.  He said, Oh my God, these are delicious,' remembers Arora. And that was the first confirmation we had.The two sashayed their crop to all the nearby grocery stores. But these arent your normal grocers. This was Berkeley. They went to upscale grocer, Andronicos.   They went to the Berkeley Bowl where the produce section takes up half the store and people walk around barefoot as  dogs wait patiently outsidethink every single hippie-chic Berkeley stereotype and Berkeley Bowl is the epicenter. But all the managers of the produce sections shared the assessment by the Chez Panisse chefthe two business majors could grow delicious mushrooms.THATS WHEN WE SAID FORGET CONSULTING, FORGET BANKINGWith their undergraduate days ebbing, the two had to make a decision. Would they try to grow a mushroom business or go down the consulting and investment banking paths theyd spent four years sending themselves down? A  timely and game-changing $5,000 grant from the universitys chancellor and an agreement to supply mushrooms to the local Whole Foods led them to choose the former.Thats when we said forget consulting, forget banking, exclaims Arora. He had spent time working at Raymond James Financial, while Velez had worked at both  Morgan Stanley and Qualcomm. But Arora also spent six months working for a recycling company in Ghana, and Velez was very involved in UC-Berkeleys Sage Mentorship Program.  We were both really passionate about business but also sustainability and education, explains Arora. And growing mushrooms off of something thats waste, we thought this could be both a business but something deeper.Coffee ground waste is a problemespecially for large brands such as Starbucks which  has  created a policy on how to properly dispose of the grounds. Grounds are also commonly used by gardeners because they slowly release nitrogen into soil. Page 1 of 212 »

Margaret Fuller, Writer, Editor, and Early Feminist

The American author, editor, and reformer Margaret Fuller holds a uniquely important place in 19th century history. Often remembered as a colleague and confidante of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others of the New England Transcendentalist movement, Fuller was also a feminist at a time when the role of women in society was severely limited. Fuller published several books, edited a magazine, and was a correspondent for the New York Tribune before dying tragically at the age of 40. Early Life of Margaret Fuller Margaret Fuller was born in Cambridgeport, Massachusetts, on May 23, 1810. Her full name was Sarah Margaret Fuller, but in her professional life she dropped her first name. Fuller’s father, a lawyer who eventually served in Congress, educated young Margaret, following a classical curriculum. At that time, such an education was generally only received by boys. As an adult, Margaret Fuller worked as a teacher, and felt the need to give public lectures. As there were local laws against women giving public addresses, she billed her lectures as â€Å"Conversations,† and in 1839, at the age of 29, began offering them at a bookshop in Boston. Margaret Fuller and the Transcendentalists Fuller became friendly with Ralph Waldo Emerson, the leading advocate of transcendentalism, and moved to Concord, Massachusetts and lived with Emerson and his family. While in Concord, Fuller also became friendly with Henry David Thoreau and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Scholars have noted that both Emerson and Hawthorne, though married men, had unrequited affections for Fuller, who was often described as being both brilliant and beautiful. For two years in the early 1840s Fuller was the editor of The Dial, the magazine of the transcendentalists. It was in the pages of The Dial that she published one of her significant early feminist works, â€Å"The Great Lawsuit: Man vs. Men, Woman vs. Women.† The title was a reference to individuals and society-imposed gender roles. She would later rework the essay and expand it into a book, Woman in the Nineteenth Century. Margaret Fuller and the New York Tribune In 1844 Fuller caught the attention of Horace Greeley, the editor of the New York Tribune, whose wife had attended some of Fuller’s â€Å"Conversations† in Boston years earlier. Greeley, impressed with Fuller’s writing talent and personality, offered her a job as a book reviewer and correspondent for his newspaper. Fuller was at first skeptical, as she held a low opinion of daily  journalism. But Greeley convinced her that he wanted his newspaper to be a mix of news for the common people as well as an outlet for intellectual writing. Fuller took the job in New York City, and lived with Greeley’s family in Manhattan. She worked for the Tribune from 1844 to 1846, often writing about reformist ideas such as improving conditions in prisons. In 1846 she was invited to join some friends on an extended trip to Europe. Fuller Reports from Europe She left New York, promising Greeley dispatches from London and elsewhere. While in Britain she conducted interviews with notable figures, including the writer Thomas Carlyle. In early 1847 Fuller and her friends traveled to Italy, and she settled in Rome. Ralph Waldo Emerson traveled to Britain in 1847, and sent a message to Fuller, asking her to return to America and live with him (and presumably his family) again at Concord. Fuller, enjoying the freedom she had found in Europe, declined the invitation. In the spring of 1847 Fuller had met a younger man, a 26-year-old Italian nobleman, the Marchese Giovanni Ossoli. They fell in love and Fuller became pregnant with their child. While still mailing dispatches off to Horace Greeley at the New York Tribune, she moved to the Italian countryside and delivered a baby boy in September 1848. Throughout 1848, Italy was in the throes of revolution, and Fuller’s news dispatches described the upheaval. She took pride in the fact that the revolutionaries in Italy drew inspiration from the American Revolution and what they regarded as the democratic ideals of the United States. Margaret Fullers Ill-Fated Return to America In 1849 the rebellion was suppressed, and Fuller, Ossoli, and their son left Rome for Florence. Fuller and Ossoli married and decided to relocate to the United States. In the late spring of 1850 the Ossoli family, not having the money to travel on a newer steamship, booked passage on a sailing ship bound for New York City. The ship, which was carrying a very heavy cargo of Italian marble in its hold, had hard luck from the outset of the voyage. The ships captain became ill, apparently with smallpox, died, and was buried at sea. The first mate took command of the ship, The Elizabeth, in mid-Atlantic, and managed to reach the east coast of America. However, the acting captain became disoriented in a heavy storm, and the ship ran aground on a sandbar off Long Island in the early morning hours of July 19, 1850. With its hold full of marble, the ship couldnt be freed. Though grounded within sight of the shoreline, enormous waves prevented those on board from reaching safety. Margaret Fuller’s baby son was given to a crew member, who tied him to his chest and tried to swim to shore. Both of them drowned. Fuller and her husband also drowned when the ship was eventually swamped by waves. Hearing the news in Concord, Ralph Waldo Emerson was devastated. He dispatched Henry David Thoreau to the shipwreck site on Long Island in hopes of retrieving Margaret Fuller’s body. Thoreau was deeply shaken by what he witnessed. Wreckage and bodies kept washing ashore, but the bodies of Fuller and her husband were never located. Legacy of Margaret Fuller In the years after her death, Greeley, Emerson, and others edited collections of Fullers writings. Literary scholars contend that Nathanial Hawthorne used her as a model for strong women in his writings. Had Fuller lived past the age of 40, there’s no telling what role she might have played during the critical decade of the 1850s. As it is, her writings and the conduct of her life served as an inspiration to later advocates for women’s rights.

Tips On Improving Ones Linkedin Profile - 1100 Words

Personal Brand Strategic Plan Situation Analysis Research: †¢ LinkedIn- o ReWork.jobs recommended several tips on improving one’s LinkedIn profile. Key words pertaining to one’s desired field are crucial when describing one’s job title, abilities, and accreditations. A custom URL makes one stand out more and match other online profiles. Headlines need to be noteworthy. Summaries should be written in first person and should describe one’s values. o LinkedIn recommended on their 2015 suggestions of users’ profiles to author and distribute their work through Pulse. †¢ PR professional tools o According to Raventools.com’s Ultimate List of Online Public Relations Tools, Headline Analyzer, Blog Post Idea Generator, 100 PR Buzzwords are great writing tools. The PR Buzzwords is especially useful as it describes lackluster or clichà © words that should never be used in one’s work. Monitoring tools are critical in scrutinizing a brand’s image online. Social Mential, Viral Heat, Topsy, and Trackur are great in monitoring commentary and coverage of one’s company. †¢ PR professional skillsets o Ken Jacobs published an article on PRSA regarding skills leader in the industry need to succeed. Working at lightening speed in order to thrive in real time, especially considering how fluctuating social media can be. Flexibility is needed as it matches the rapidly changing process of communications today. A willingness to be bold will create fruitful results. The ability to adapt to newShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Policy For Hcl2356 Words   |  10 Pages4. Enterprise 2.0 Strategies and Suggestions 4.1 HCL’s Social Media Policy The current social media policy for HCL provides that social technologies like LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter should be used only as a means of broadcasting the company’s information for internal purposes only. The company does not use social media platforms to market or improve its business of providing IT services and solutions in India and globally. This Enterprise 2.0 Business Improvement Plan proposes the creation ofRead MoreGreater Baltimore Medical Center ( Gbmc )1743 Words   |  7 Pagescontains over 100 videos featuring topics such as physicians and services; Google+ contains current GBMC news and health information; Pinterest (GBMC Healthcare) displays a virtual bulletin board filled with modern recipes, health tips, and inspiring quotes; and LinkedIn –displays jobs openings at GBMC. GBMC’s weekly blog is the platform where Johns Chessare, the President and CEO of GBMC share news and specific reviews. The blog is entitled A Healthy Dialogue. Other we b options include podcast andRead MoreCampus Recruitment10511 Words   |  43 PagesShort listing Criteria: - Top Educational institute offer course for arts, science, engineering as well as business management. W hen the target candidates are graduates, there is no point in interviewing a business management student for a technical profile. These miscommunications are very common in campus placements due to which the valuable time is wasted on inoperable resources. The company should be clear in what they want and ensure that is communicated to the target students via the placementRead MoreTechnology in Hotel Industry14045 Words   |  57 Pagesâ€Å"unless a firm is alert and adept, today’sfit becomestomorrow’s misfit† (Miles amp; Snow, 1994: 15). Tightfit implies a close linkage between strategy and HRM, adapting easily to changesthat occur. Early fit is a tightfit that is achieved before one’s competitors do so. Early fit is pro-actively oriented and aims at gaining a leading position. Here, we apply these ideasto both strategic and internal fit, and propose to add a dynamic element to the measurement of fit, that we will label adaptationRead MoreWgu E-Business Expansion Proposal Essay13960 Words   |  56 Pagestranslation/localization services; search-engine optimization services * Communication of vocational skills for online consumption—editing-and-writing services; vocational-profile management; search-engine optimization services * Communication through social networking—editing-and-writing services; translation/localization services; online-profile management Increased revenue opportunities well support the necessity of creating an online presence. The following table clearly identifies different populationsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesNew to Chapter 5: Department of Labor O*NET database and content model; Turnover at transportation; Communication skills activity New to Chapter 6: Employment branding New to Chapter 7: Acceptable and unacceptable interview questions; Facebook and LinkedIn; Effective interviewing; Creating effective interview questions activity New to Chapter 8: Employee handbook section moved from Chapter 4 New to Chapter 9: Career; Growing/declining jobs New to Chapter 10: Technology in the appraisal process; CreatingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesfor OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ OutcomesRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesdevices have therefore catalysts for a whole new software industry market (see the box â€Å"The New App Economy†). Another remarkable software trend has been the growth of so-called Web 2.0 or social media applications, such as profile sharing software (e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn), cogenerated information tools (e.g., Wikis, blogs), and information messaging tools (e.g., Twitter). Although initially these software applications were hosted on Web sites designed for public communities, today these sameRead MoreA Concise Guide to Market Research Using Spss71933 Words   |  288 PagesResearch 21 researchers can deal practically with these theoretical choices and issues, using the market-leading software package IBM SPSS Statistics. Interpret, Discuss, and Present the Findings When executing the market research process, one’s immediate goals are interpreting, discussing, and presenting the ï ¬ ndings. Consequently, researchers should provide detailed answers and actionable suggestions based on data (discussed in Chaps. 3 and 4) and analysis techniques (Chaps. 5–9). The lastRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesSegmentation C) Marketing research D) Channel E) New-product development Answer: D Page Ref: 27 Objective: 5 Difficulty: Moderate 79) A marketers only concern is how best to create demand for a new product produced by his company. Improving product design is not his responsibility. Answer: FALSE Page Ref: 4 Objective: 1 Difficulty: Easy 80) A short definition of marketing is meeting needs profitably. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty:

Economics and Finance for Microsoft Excel- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEconomics and Finance for Microsoft Excel. Answer: Pivot Table: A pivot table is a statistical tool, useful for arranging and summarizing data in a tabular structure, which can be done in Microsoft Excel. The pivot table has provision for reorganization of rows and columns of a data set according to need and for getting the desired outcome. This operation is particularly helpful in handling and interpreting big data sets as this statistical tool does not change the data but helps in viewing and interpreting the same data from different perspectives (Dierenfeld Merceron, 2012). Tips for Pivot Table: There are several tricks and tips which can be beneficial for using Pivot Table more efficiently (Walkenbach, 2013): To find the summarization of the desired information, the following path can be followed: Pivot Table Tools - Analyze - Field Settings - Summarize value field by For proper interpretation of numerical data: Pivot Table Tools - Analyze - Field Settings - Number Format To add the personally calculated metrics: Pivot Table Tools - Analyze - Fields, Items and Sets - Calculated Field In cases where there is an error message: Pivot Table Tools - Analyze - Options - For error values show For assessing the grand total: Pivot Table Tools - Analyze - Options - Totals and Filters - Grand Totals For slicing for the derivation of the desired data: Pivot Table Tools - Analyze - Insert Slicer For slicing the concerned data such that data can be derived for a particular time period to test their value: Pivot Table Tools - Analyze - Insert Timeline For grouping the data according to categories desired: Select Data - Right Click - Group, Subtotal Apart from this many other convenient functions can be done with the help of this tool which are also easy to understand and implement. References Walkenbach, J. (2013).Excel 2003 bible(Vol. 36). John Wiley Sons. Walkenbach, J. (2013).Excel 2013 formulas. John Wiley Sons.

Kouzes Posner Model Essay Example

Kouzes Posner Model Essay The events of that day served as fuel for me to continue my education into leadership and learn to be the best leader I could possibly be, while never failing my followers as my Captain did hat day. In the day to day operations of an organization, nothing can have a more profound effect than the quality of leadership Implemented daily. This Is why successful leaders around the world believe In and lead with the Souses Poster model of leadership. In 1 983 Jim Souses and Barry Poster began a research project on the study of leadership. They wanted to survey leaders throughout the world to find out what actions these leaders took that brought them success. They wanted to hear the very best leadership stories these leaders could remember when asked to tell about them.. These leaders surveyed were from all walks of life, some were first line supervisors, others were top level Coos, and some were mid level management. Souses and Poster surveyed literally thousands of leaders over a number of years and they were able to identify that when leaders were doing their best work they all had several common factors working for them. We will write a custom essay sample on Kouzes Posner Model specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kouzes Posner Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kouzes Posner Model specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When these leaders were doing their very best they were practicing what Souses and Poster came to call the Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership (p. 1 3). These practices can be used by anyone who wants to be a leader and If used properly these practices can alp a leader be successful and foster great Improvement within their organization. Position 3 The five practices identified by Souses and Poster are : * Model the Way * Inspire a Shared Vision * Challenge the Process * Enable Others to Act * Encourage the Heart Model the Way Is In essence setting a good example. As a leader one must always strive to set a positive example for followers. If a leader does one thing but says another this will result In a lack of respect, or a lack of trust and belief In the leader. Leaders need to lead from the heart, staying true to their values and the values they espouse for the organization. Once values are stated they need to be supported by ten leaders octagons. Inspire a snare Villous Is when ten leader AT ten organization visualizes great things and truly believes they can become reality. Having a vision, or a destination of the future for the organization is something a visionary leader cultivates among his followers. To be successful with this the followers need to believe in the leader. They need to believe the leader wants to include them in the vision. If there is no buy in from the followers the Journey towards the future will not happen as a group. Challenge the Process is saying no to the status quo. Leadership is about change and the willpower, drive, and willingness to accept a challenge. The best leaders surround themselves with individuals who have new ideas, want to improve the operations, and are not afraid to venture out and try something new. Enable Others to Act is the process in which leaders give away power to others and let them do great things. Anyone can have a good idea and a good leader should always be ready to listen to what even the least senior person has to say. Position 4 Teamwork and empowering others within an organization is one of the best tactics used by successful leaders. Encourage the Heart is the acts taken by a leader to show followers how important they are and how much they are appreciated by the leader. Small acts of friendship and kindness can ago long way towards energize an employee that has become exhausted or burnt out. When the leader takes the opportunity to show the employee how important they are it helps fuel their moral level and they recognize they are a needed asset to the company. Many organizations have an award or recognition process to let employees know how important their contributions are. The Souses Poster model of leadership is one eased on extensive research.

Paper Research

Paper Research Paper Research Paper Research: Strategies of Making Good Research When you get an assignment to write a paper, whether it is an essay, a research paper, a term paper or any other kind of student paper, you want to write it well in order to get high points. In what way can one write a good assignment paper? This is the main question that springs to your mind! Lets find an answer! To write a good paper you should make, first of all, good paper research. It does not matter what kind of student paper you have to write. One should stress that actually to make papers research means not only to conduct long-lasting investigation, make complicated calculations and observations. Even if you are writing a reaction paper on a certain movie, you have to make some research. It will be just the research of smaller size. In this case paper research will contain watching the movie, describing of the main characters, analyzing of the main idea and discussing of the matter problems. Anyway, it will take you some t ime and certain efforts to make this research. Thus, the essence does not change, only the research scale is different. Three main elements of making good paper research To make good paper research you should take into account 3 aspects!You should be interested in the issue that is investigated. If you are free in choosing your paper topic, of course, it is very easy for you to meet this condition. But what should you do if you are provided with a certain topic? There is no problem as well. The matter is that you have to study a certain point of this topic. Thus, try to find a point that will get you interested most of all while studying informational materials on the given topic. You should study the question thoroughly. You should understand that to make good paper research you should have good informational basis. So, try to process as much information on your topic as you can. Do not forget to write down some specific data that may be useful for your writing. This may be some figures, quotations, observation results and so on. You should neither be in hurry, no dilly-dally! Making a time-table for your writing process will help you control your time left till the submission date. Split your work into several parts (for example, studying the information, making an outline for your paper, writing and checking) trying to determine approximate time that will take you to fulfill each part of the work. Do not forget to take into account some force-majeure circumstances! So, add several days to each part of your time-table. So, try to keep in mind this information and you will make really good paper research!

Why are there different perspectives on change within organisations Essay - 1

Why are there different perspectives on change within organisations Consider your answer in relation to both theory and practice and with an attention to value(s) and valorisation - Essay Example Organizational change is at the heart of contemporary organization research. Numerous theories were developed, to ensure smooth and efficient implementation of organizational change frameworks. It is unequivocally acknowledged that leaders and managers view organizational change in entirely different ways. More important is the complexity of governmental change and change management. Apparently, there is a need to explore the relevance of multiple organizational change perspectives in more detail. The following research accentuates that organizational change is the concept with no clear boundaries and draws on a number of traditions and social science disciplines (Hughes 2006). The complexity in organizational change phenomenon justifies the presence of multiple transformation management perspectives. Organizational change is interpreted in a number of ways. Numerous literatures exist on the various perspectives on organizational change and change management. The organizational change process is extremely complex. Generally, organizations apply to change, with the goal to transform and, consequentially, adapt to environmental changes (Stacey 1995, p. 477-478). Organizational change is always rational and intentional (Stacey 1995, p. 478). Most organization suppositions explicate and confirm the variability of organizational characteristics (Hannan & Freeman 1994, p. 149). The multitude of organizational change perspectives can be interpreted from a number of viewpoints. The causes and anticipated consequences of organizational change greatly affect organization attitudes to change. Environmental variables and the disciplines on which organizational change frameworks build matter a lot. The issue in question should be interpreted through the prism of the organizations’ values, missions, and performance principles. All these factors warrant examination and have to be considered in more

Sexual Harassment Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sexual Harassment Law - Research Paper Example The alleged misconduct should be so severe and pervasive as to disturb emotional wellbeing and work performance of the victim which conditions are prima facie requirement for a conduct to be characterized as sexual harassment. The paper further lists out reasons for an organization to have sexual harassment policy statement along with the contents of the written policy as stated in the appendix. This research has also discussed the case law of Beth Ann Faragher, Petitioner V. City Of Boca Raton (1998). 1. Define sexual harassment as the term is used legally.   The legal definition of sexual harassment is: the illegal discrimination in employment based on sex. This definition is only a part of the behaviors that could constitute sexual harassment. The illegal employment discrimination behaviors and the experiences of sexual harassment often overlap. They are however not congruent. Some behaviors are readily identifiable as sexual harassment such as the supervisor’s demand on the employee to engage in sexual activity with him as a condition to continue in employment. Sexual harassment may not be overtly experienced by the victim but subjectively in a less defined contexts which may not be illegal (Gold, 2004). In Harris v Forklift Systems, Inc (1993), it was held by the Supreme Court that psychological injury cannot be claimed to prove sexual harassment under the constitutional law. ... Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) has been entrusted with the responsibility to enforce the provisions of Civil Rights Act relating to discrimination (Gold, 2004). The EEOC’s definition of sexual harassment states â€Å" Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when (1) submission to such conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual’s employment, (2) submission to rejection or rejection of such conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual, or (3) such conduct has the purpose or the effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual’s work performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment† (Gold, 2004, p. 20) The definition has evolved through case law. The EEOC guideline cannot be technically law though it is subject to the judicial review of the Supreme Court. Thus, review has resulted in two kinds of sexual harassment. One, Quid pro quo harassment which arises when an employee is forced to exchange sexual favors for the benefit of employment present or future or to avoid adverse employment action. Second one is Hostile environment harassment that results in â€Å"severe or pervasive ridicule, unwelcome intimidation or insult based on sex† (p 21) 2. Explain how sexual harassment differs from gender discrimination.   Gender discrimination is mainly based on an individual’s gender in a sub group of female or male. It is different from sexual harassment for want of sexual

Mankind is nah island Essay Example for Free

Mankind is nah island Essay The dynamic concept, belonging, is highly influenced by social marginalisation as individuals develop a sense of displacement amongst the dominant culture. Vangenderon’s, ‘Mankind Is No Island’, utilises film techniques, mise-en-scene and literary devices to explore the intangible concept of belonging. A sense of affiliation is established through the absence of belonging amongst the subjects of homelessness in two iconic cities, New York and Sydney. Representation All representation is subjective and incomplete. It allows us to understand an issue from a range of perspectives. The consideration of a variety of perspectives is necessary to developing a genuine understanding of an issue. Language is used to articulate, our particular perspective on an issue. The productive tension between the texts we have studied demonstrate how conflicting perspectives allow audiences to fully understand the complexity of representations. Appreciating that no single perspective contains the ‘truth’ allows us to value the unique contribution of each perspective. When preparing drafts: Start with an idea that allows for growth in multiple directions Choose one of those paths stick to it Allow yourself to end an idea then start again with new direction. Drafting strategies Rewrite sections of your story that seem to be wasted. Have a list of multiple next ‘moves’ to choose from When stuck do some research of the topic Work on the structure of the story. Intro Answer the question - INDICATE 2 ISSUES Elaborate stance – outline issues further. Clarify stance if you have made an overall assessment i.e. the effectiveness of Australian legal system. Link back to question, reiterate stance/direction Note: Maximum clarity Body 1* – Issue #1 Legal Response. Body 2 – Issue #1 Non-legal response. Body 3 – Issue #2 Legal Response. Body 4 – Issue #2 Non-legal response. Conclusion * Topic sentence: Introduce focus of paragraph [your point] Prove: Elaborate, clarify Discuss example – legislatiom, stas, cases, keywords, key terminolotiy, quotes, related to this topic Evaluation – reiterate what this evidence proves Link main argument.

Death, Why Do They Write Thee Essay -- Literary Analysis

The medical world affects our qualms and contemplations every day, whether it is that disease one may struggle with every day or that stomach ache one may have tussled with after consuming some horrendous food. Today, although it may not seem like it, we are privileged to have our prime worries be that of cancer, Alzheimer’s, and mental ailments. All of those terrible infirmities, that we have yet to conquer, seemingly slip into occupations, conversation, compositions, and the routine of our everyday lives. This dilemma has always been a part of history, since colds were life threatening. At one point in time life expectancy was young, almost half of what it is today, many infants didn’t survive birth and diseases went rapid. One can imagine how petrified the people of those periods were. Scientific advancements in the medical field certainly affect the emotions and actions of death in daily life; this correlation is evident in literature throughout the ages, in arrange ments by authors, such as John Dunne, Jonathan Keats, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. From the ages of superstition and homemade remedies arose the foundation of a complex medical world. The 1600s marked the termination of the Renaissance; however, the urge to learn more about the sciences persisted. One improvement was found in the previously women ran apothecary shops or pharmacies (Strocchia). The medical world was reformed when William Harvey discovered how blood circulates in 1628, which became â€Å"the basis for modern research on the heart and blood vessels† (Strocchia). Blood endured as a topic of interest and several years later in 1656 experimentation began on blood transfusion (â€Å"Medical Advances Timeline†). Towards the end of the decade blood cells, tissue,... ...y Reference Bank (H.W. Wilson). Web. 2 Apr. 2012. "The Life of Elizabeth Barrett Browning." The Victorian Web: An Overview. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Medical Advances Timeline†. Infoplease. Web. 19 Mar. 2012. . Mulrooney, Jonathan. "Keats In The Company Of Kean." Studies In Romanticism 42.2 (2003): 227-250. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. "Renaissance Medicine." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. . Strocchia, Sharon T. "The Nun Apothecaries Of Renaissance Florence: Marketing Medicines In The Convent." Renaissance Studies 25.5 (2011): 627-647. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 Mar. 2012. Thomas, Christina. "Jonathan Keats." English IV. Wheelersburg High School, Wheelersburg. Winter 2012. Lecture.

In Focus: Faye Glenn Abdellah’s Patient-Centered Approaches

For years, the existence and acceptance of nursing theories in different settings and aspects of nursing practice has transformed the profession in diverse ways both here and abroad. The utilization of such theories has provided the nursing community with specific knowledge and ways to enhance and develop skills and attitudes of nursing professionals in the practice of the profession. It has greatly helped in creating and sustaining our professional independence from the field of medicine by guiding our educational system, research methods and practice towards safe and quality care to patients (Marriner-Tomey, 1994; McLemore & Hill, 1965).The significance of studying nursing theories does not end with the benefits it may serve the profession in general. It also helps an individual, either a student or a nursing professional in several ways. An individual is able to develop critical thinking skills, able to differentiate values and hypotheses and able to find out purpose of functions in relation to the scope of practice of the nursing profession (Kozier, Erb, & Oliviere, 1995).In line with this, this paper attempts to analyze and evaluate a relevant nursing conceptual model authored by a renowned nurse theorist— Faye Glenn Abdellah, using the J. Fawcett’s Framework of Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing.Influenced by Virginia Henderson’s 14 principles of nursing, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Erik Erickson stages of development, Abdellah formulated her structural model with the goal of teaching and evaluating students and at the same time emphasize the need to create a body of knowledge exclusive to our profession that will help in gaining independence from the control of the medical profession  toward  patient-centered  care (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Faye Glenn Abdellah authored the typology of 21 nursing problems which was initially published in the 1960 edition of Pat ient-Centered Approaches to Nursing. Since its initial appearance, the typology had major impact on the nursing profession as well as on the development of other nursing theories (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems is a conceptual model which describes the significant concerns of nursing instead of linking different relationships into phenomena. The conceptual model is mainly concerned with patient’s needs and the role of nurses in problem identification using a problem-solving approach. Abdellah’s work is classified under the nursing philosophy category in the sense that her work is based on analysis, rationalization, research and logical argument instead of using experiential methods. Logically speaking,Abdellah’s model can be described as inductive since she derived observations from previous studies which became the basis for her conceptualization. Philosophical statements are said to be based on opinions, arguments or propositions of different people. These statements are not experimental in nature because such statements based on goal, traditions and/or values cannot be tested for its correctness or wrongness (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).In  analyzing  and  evaluating  Abdellah’s  theory, her  work  cannot  be  separated  from  the  historical  background  where  the  conceptualization  of  the  21  nursing  problems  started.  It  was   in  the  1950s  when  the  nursing  profession  faced  a  lot  of  difficulties  arising  from  the  rapid   societal change and increasing demand for technological advancement. The methods and system used at that time  did not support and meet the demands of the rapid change thus creating a backlog in the nursing community.There was a lack of definition of nursing— its focus, scope and limitations especially that healthcare delivery to patients is mainly based on achieving institutional goals rather than meeting patient’s needs. The present system did not assist both the students and professionals in being attuned with the changes. Abdellah related this to the lack of scientific body of knowledge unique to the profession. That is why the formulation of the theory differentiated the practice of nursing from the practice of medicine emphasizing focus on 21 nursing problems that help patient in achieving state of wellness (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Abdellah used the problem-solving approach in formulating the theory. She believes that a nurse should be able to identify and solve problems of patients in order to provide safe and quality care to patients. This identification of nursing problems, selection of data necessary to formulating and testing of interventions in assisting patient towards state of wellness closely resembles the nursing process. Abdellah pointed out that patients cannot receive quality care if the steps are done improperly. In my opinion, Abdellah’s approach is effective in the sense that the approach guarantees positive client response if the steps are specifically and carefully executed. This approach also improves a nursing professional skills and attitude by enhancing problem-solving abilities through identification of nursing problems in meeting the needs of the patient (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Abdellah’s model includes four (4) fundamental concepts essential to nursing— person, environment, health and nursing. The first major concept is the person. The concept of person is described as people having physical, physiological and sociological needs. In her conceptual model, the person or patient is the main reason for the existence of nursing. However, this is quite contradicting since the typology of 21 nursing problems lacks holism. The model entails that a person returns to an improved state only by resolving each problem identified by a nursin g professional. It lacks holism in the sense that the patient or person which, is considered as a whole is not greater than the sum of it parts represented by his problems (Marriner-Tomey, 1994).Another major concept included in her theory is the concept of environment. This concept is the least conferred  and least emphasized in her theory. This is mentioned limitedly in problem number 17. The model explains that the patient more often than not interrelate and act in response to the environment. It also explains that the nurse is also a part of the patient’s environment thus the nurse takes responsibility in making the environment conducive for restoration of health. Abdellah also states that environment is also the home and community from where the patient comes from that is why Abdellah emphasized the need to broaden our scope in identifying problems and not limit our scope in the hospital setting (Potter & Perry, 1993).The third concept is health. Abdellah discussed hea lth as a state without illness. It is defined as a state without unmet needs and no anticipated or actual impairment. This is clearly exemplified in the list of 21 nursing problems. Abdellah also advocates holistic approach to patient-centered care and furthering the relevance of environmental factors in the concept of health (Potter & Perry, 1993).The last major concept is nursing. The concept of nursing is an essential element of her writing. In her model, nursing is defined as provision of service to individuals and families; therefore to society. It is mainly providing service to or for the patient or providing information that will significantly assist the patient in restoring health and alleviating impairment. Abdellah therefore viewed nursing as a helping profession (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998)..Although Abdellah’s work provided a comprehensive meaning of the four major concepts, there are no statements in Abdellah’s writing tha t states any direct relationships among the four concepts. Each concept was only defined implicitly and no relational statements can be made out of it. The model is mainly concerned on development of a unique body of knowledge, which is nursing, through which identification of nursing problems and utilization of the problem-solving approach assists patients in meeting their needs.The model is said to have limited concepts and is only presented in a structural list. After Abdellah’s work has been published, her formulation of the 21 nursing problems has been a helpful tool in the areas of nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).In our nursing practice, Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems has helped nursing professionals in dealing with patient care in an orderly and well-structured manner. In using this typology, a nursing professional, with the problem-solving approach, is able to id entify patient’s problems, plan for his care and implement nursing interventions for the identified problem in a scientific manner.This problem-solving method has transformed our practice as we attempt to focus our attention to the client himself rather than focus on client’s medical condition which is more of the objective of the medical profession. Nursing professionals have also learned and understood the rationale behind each and every action we deliver to the client (Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Abdellah’s work has also provided significant changes in the area of nursing research as well since her work is basically based on research too. Many theories have been developed since the introduction of Abdellah’s work. The present nursing diagnosis classification system is presumed to be an outgrowth of this typology. This nursing philosophy continues to be a preferred basis of nursing studies at present (Sigma Theta Tau In ternational Honor Society of Nursing, 1998).Nursing education also benefited from Abdellah’s work. As previously explained, there was a lack of scientific body unique to our profession that hindered our independence from the medical profession. Abdellah’s work presented such unique body and gave the nursing profession a chance to come out of the control of the medical model. Gaining professional autonomy has helped the nursing community project a professional identity that has been widely accepted all over the world   (Potter & Perry, 1993).Abdellah’s nursing philosophy brings about nursing activities that meet not only client’s needs but of the society as well in the long run if each goal is carefully achieved through the problem-solving approach making this nursing philosophy socially significant. Abdellah’s work is socially significant because the 21 nursing problems elicit relevant nursing actions that lead to the improvement and restoration of client’s health status which in turn aids the client in resuming activities of daily living increasing his productivity level thus benefiting the society   (Potter & Perry, 1993).In conclusion, Abdellah’s typology of 21 nursing problems remedied the predicaments faced by the profession in earlier times. It has helped teach and evaluate student’s competency through its formulation. It provided a means of gaining autonomy from the practice of medicine through the creation of a scientific body of knowledge unique to nursing.Abdellah’s work is very straightforward and uncomplicated. It explicitly described the major concepts essential to nursing such as nursing itself, nursing problems and the problem-solving approach through which the problems can be intervened. The concepts of health, person and environment which are now included in the scope of nursing are also implied.The goals of this model vary but all are directed to affect nursing. The extensive goal of this model is to generally elicit positive transformation in nursing education while its subgoals would include providing a scientific basis for practice and a tool in evaluating student’s capacity and competency (McLemore & Hill, 1965).To date, Abellah did not only meet the goal of her work. Her work has also affected different aspects of nursing— nursing practice, nursing research and nursing education in general. As emphasized in this paper, Abdellah’s overall contribution to the body of nursing is the acquisition of professional autonomy and professional identity through the creation of the 21 nursing problems. Her problem-solving approach increases our assessment and critical-thinking skills needed in identifying client’s concerns to properly plan, select and implement our healthcare. It also enhances and promotes nurse-patient interaction as we make patients the central focus of care instead of focusing on the disease process (Parascandola, 1994).Nursing has been practiced as profession for more than a century. The profession was based merely on rules, concepts and experiences passed on by professionals to students. It was only in the advent of serious discussion and testing of theories that nursing has been established as a science. Through Abdellah’s work and the development of other relevant nursing theories, we have proven that our profession can stand by itself and achieve our goals towards patient-centered care (Parascandola, 1994).

How Salt Melts Ice and Prevents Water From Freezing

Salt melts ice essentially because adding salt lowers the freezing point of the water. How does this melt ice? Well, it doesnt, unless there is a little water available with the ice. The good news is you dont need a pool of water to achieve the effect. Ice typically is coated with a thin film of liquid water, which is all it takes. Pure water freezes at 32 °F (0 °C). Water with salt (or any other substance in it) will freeze at some lower temperature. Just how low this temperature will be depends on the de-icing agent. If you put salt on ice in a situation where the temperature will never get up to the new freezing point of the salt-water solution, you wont see any benefit. For example, tossing table salt (sodium chloride) onto ice when its 0 °F wont do anything more than coat the ice with a layer of salt. On the other hand, if you put the same salt on ice at 15 °F, the salt will be able to prevent melting ice from re-freezing. Magnesium chloride works down to 5 °F while calcium chloride works down to -20 °F. Key Takeaways: How Salt Melts Ice Salt melts ice and helps keep water from re-freezing by lowering the freezing point of water. This phenomenon is called freezing point depression.Salt only helps if there is a little bit of liquid water available. The salt has to dissolve into its ions in order to work.Different types of salt are used as de-icing agents. The more particles (ions) formed when a salt dissolves, the more it lowers freezing point. How It Works Salt (NaCl) dissolves into its ions in water, Na and Cl-.  The ions diffuse throughout the water and block the water molecules from getting close enough together and in the right orientation to organize into the solid form (ice). Ice absorbs energy from its surroundings to undergo the phase transition from solid to liquid. This could cause pure water to re-freeze, but the salt in the water prevents it from turning into ice. However, the water gets colder than it was. The temperature can drop below the freezing point of pure water. Adding any impurity to a liquid lowers its freezing point. The nature of the compound does not matter, but the number of particles it breaks into in the liquid is important. The more particles that are produced, the greater the freezing point depression. So, dissolving sugar in water also lowers the freezing point of water. Sugar simply dissolves into single sugar molecules, so its effect on freezing point is less than you would get adding an equal amount of salt, which breaks into two particles. Salts that break into more particles, like magnesium chloride (MgCl2) have an even greater effect on freezing point. Magnesium chloride dissolves into three ions -- one magnesium cation and two chloride anions. On the flip side, adding a tiny amount of insoluble particulates can actually help water freeze at a higher temperature. While there is a bit of freezing point depression, its localized near the particles. The particles act as nucleation sites that allow for ice formation. This is the premise behind the formation of snowflakes in clouds and how ski resorts make snow when its slightly warming than freezing. Use Salt to Melt Ice - Activities You can demonstrate the effect of freezing point depression yourself, even if you dont have an icy sidewalk handy. One way is to make your own ice cream in a baggie, where adding salt to water produces a mixture so cold it can freeze your treat.If you just want to see an example of how cold ice plus salt can get, mix 33 ounces of salt with 100 ounces of crushed ice or snow. Be careful! The mixture will be about -6 °F (-21 °C), which is cold enough to give you frostbite if you hold it too long.Gain a better understanding of freezing point depression by examining the effect of dissolving different substances in water and noting the temperature required to freeze it. Good examples of substances to compare are table salt (sodium chloride), calcium chloride, and sugar. See if you can dissolve equal masses of each substance in the water in order to get a fair comparison. Sodium chloride breaks into two ions in water. Calcium chloride forms three ions in water. Sugar dissolves in water, but it doesnt break into any ions. All of these substances will lower the freezing point of water.Take the experiment a step further by exploring boiling point elevation, another colligative property of matter. Adding sugar, salt, or calcium chloride will change the temperature at which water boils. Is the effect measurable?